Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Witwatersrand Gold Mining Basin, South Africa
Identifieur interne : 000027 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000026; suivant : 000028Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Witwatersrand Gold Mining Basin, South Africa
Auteurs : Caspah Kamunda ; Manny Mathuthu ; Morgan MadhukuSource :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [ 1661-7827 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The study evaluates the health risk caused by heavy metals to the inhabitants of a gold mining area. In this study, 56 soil samples from five mine tailings and 17 from two mine villages were collected and analyzed for Asernic (As), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) using ICP-MS. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were then used to calculate the health risk for adults and children. Their concentrations were such that Cr > Ni > As > Zn > Cu > Co > Pb > Hg > Cd, with As, Cr and Ni higher than permissible levels. For the adult population, the Hazard Index value for all pathways was found to be 2.13, making non-carcinogenic effects significant to the adult population. For children, the Hazard Index value was 43.80, a value >>1, which poses serious non-carcinogenic effect to children living in the gold mining area. The carcinogenic risk was found to be 1.7 × 10−4 implying that 1 person in every 5882 adults may be affected. In addition, for children, in every 2725 individuals, 1 child may be affected (3.67 × 10−4). These carcinogenic risk values were both higher than acceptable values.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070663
PubMed: 27376316
PubMed Central: 4962204
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000009
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000009
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000003
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000158
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000158
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000158
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000027
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000027
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Witwatersrand Gold Mining Basin, South Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Kamunda, Caspah" sort="Kamunda, Caspah" uniqKey="Kamunda C" first="Caspah" last="Kamunda">Caspah Kamunda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-13-00663">Center for Applied Radiation Science and Technology, North West University (Mafikeng), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;<email>Manny.Mathuthu@nwu.ac.za</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathuthu, Manny" sort="Mathuthu, Manny" uniqKey="Mathuthu M" first="Manny" last="Mathuthu">Manny Mathuthu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-13-00663">Center for Applied Radiation Science and Technology, North West University (Mafikeng), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;<email>Manny.Mathuthu@nwu.ac.za</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madhuku, Morgan" sort="Madhuku, Morgan" uniqKey="Madhuku M" first="Morgan" last="Madhuku">Morgan Madhuku</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-13-00663">iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Private Bag X11, Wits 2050, South Africa;<email>madhuku@tlabs.ac.za</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27376316</idno><idno type="pmc">4962204</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4962204</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4962204</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/ijerph13070663</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000003</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000003</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000158</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000158</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000158</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1661-7827:2016:Kamunda C:health:risk:assessment</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000027</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000027</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000027</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Witwatersrand Gold Mining Basin, South Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Kamunda, Caspah" sort="Kamunda, Caspah" uniqKey="Kamunda C" first="Caspah" last="Kamunda">Caspah Kamunda</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-13-00663">Center for Applied Radiation Science and Technology, North West University (Mafikeng), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;<email>Manny.Mathuthu@nwu.ac.za</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathuthu, Manny" sort="Mathuthu, Manny" uniqKey="Mathuthu M" first="Manny" last="Mathuthu">Manny Mathuthu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-13-00663">Center for Applied Radiation Science and Technology, North West University (Mafikeng), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;<email>Manny.Mathuthu@nwu.ac.za</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madhuku, Morgan" sort="Madhuku, Morgan" uniqKey="Madhuku M" first="Morgan" last="Madhuku">Morgan Madhuku</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-13-00663">iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Private Bag X11, Wits 2050, South Africa;<email>madhuku@tlabs.ac.za</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1661-7827</idno><idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The study evaluates the health risk caused by heavy metals to the inhabitants of a gold mining area. In this study, 56 soil samples from five mine tailings and 17 from two mine villages were collected and analyzed for Asernic (As), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) using ICP-MS. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were then used to calculate the health risk for adults and children. Their concentrations were such that Cr > Ni > As > Zn > Cu > Co > Pb > Hg > Cd, with As, Cr and Ni higher than permissible levels. For the adult population, the Hazard Index value for all pathways was found to be 2.13, making non-carcinogenic effects significant to the adult population. For children, the Hazard Index value was 43.80, a value >>1, which poses serious non-carcinogenic effect to children living in the gold mining area. The carcinogenic risk was found to be 1.7 × 10<sup>−4</sup> implying that 1 person in every 5882 adults may be affected. In addition, for children, in every 2725 individuals, 1 child may be affected (3.67 × 10<sup>−4</sup>). These carcinogenic risk values were both higher than acceptable values.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duffus, J H" uniqKey="Duffus J">J.H. Duffus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brady, N C" uniqKey="Brady N">N.C. Brady</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weil, R R" uniqKey="Weil R">R.R. Weil</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lane, T W" uniqKey="Lane T">T.W. Lane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morel, F M" uniqKey="Morel F">F.M. Morel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kabata Pendias, A" uniqKey="Kabata Pendias A">A. Kabata-Pendias</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Podsiki, C" uniqKey="Podsiki C">C. Podsiki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ogwuegbu, M O C" uniqKey="Ogwuegbu M">M.O.C. Ogwuegbu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muhanga, W" uniqKey="Muhanga W">W. Muhanga</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khan, K" uniqKey="Khan K">K. Khan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Y" uniqKey="Lu Y">Y. Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, H" uniqKey="Khan H">H. Khan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cao, H" uniqKey="Cao H">H. Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, J" uniqKey="Chen J">J. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nolan, K" uniqKey="Nolan K">K. Nolan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Winde, F" uniqKey="Winde F">F. Winde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stoch, E J" uniqKey="Stoch E">E.J. Stoch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cairncross, E" uniqKey="Cairncross E">E. Cairncross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kisting, S" uniqKey="Kisting S">S. Kisting</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liefferink, M" uniqKey="Liefferink M">M. Liefferink</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Wyk, D" uniqKey="Van Wyk D">D. van Wyk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liefferink, M" uniqKey="Liefferink M">M. Liefferink</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kamunda, C" uniqKey="Kamunda C">C. Kamunda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mathuthu, M" uniqKey="Mathuthu M">M. Mathuthu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Madhuku, M" uniqKey="Madhuku M">M. Madhuku</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, T" uniqKey="Sato T">T. Sato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xing, B" uniqKey="Xing B">B. Xing</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Luo, X S" uniqKey="Luo X">X.S. Luo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, J" uniqKey="Ding J">J. Ding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, B" uniqKey="Xu B">B. Xu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, D Y" uniqKey="Lee D">D.-Y. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, C H" uniqKey="Lee C">C.-H. Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mtunzi, F M" uniqKey="Mtunzi F">F.M. Mtunzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dikio, E D" uniqKey="Dikio E">E.D. Dikio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moja, S J" uniqKey="Moja S">S.J. Moja</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Atanassov, I" uniqKey="Atanassov I">I. Atanassov</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="He, Z" uniqKey="He Z">Z. He</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shentu, J" uniqKey="Shentu J">J. Shentu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, X" uniqKey="Yan X">X. Yan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baligar, V C" uniqKey="Baligar V">V.C. Baligar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, T" uniqKey="Zhang T">T. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stoffella, P J" uniqKey="Stoffella P">P.J. Stoffella</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chiroma, T M" uniqKey="Chiroma T">T.M. Chiroma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ebewele, R O" uniqKey="Ebewele R">R.O. Ebewele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hymore, K" uniqKey="Hymore K">K. Hymore</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Kamunda, Caspah" sort="Kamunda, Caspah" uniqKey="Kamunda C" first="Caspah" last="Kamunda">Caspah Kamunda</name><name sortKey="Madhuku, Morgan" sort="Madhuku, Morgan" uniqKey="Madhuku M" first="Morgan" last="Madhuku">Morgan Madhuku</name><name sortKey="Mathuthu, Manny" sort="Mathuthu, Manny" uniqKey="Mathuthu M" first="Manny" last="Mathuthu">Manny Mathuthu</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Terre/explor/NickelMaghrebV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000027 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000027 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Terre
|area= NickelMaghrebV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4962204
|texte= Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Witwatersrand Gold Mining Basin, South Africa
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27376316" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a NickelMaghrebV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.27. |  |